| ᠡᠨᠡ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ︽ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ︾ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠵᠣᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠂ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ 1776 ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠷᠲᠤᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠲᠥ᠋ᠷᠥᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︾ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠳ᠋ᠯᠡᠬᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | | | | | ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠨᠵᠧᠨᠧᠷᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠣᠭᠰᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠣᠯᠠ᠃ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ | ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠶ ᠨᠢ 221740 ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ 1776 ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠠ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ᠂ 6 | ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ︵ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ︶ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ 3 ᠭᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠶᠤᠨᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠴᠠᠩ 1 ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠶ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 7800 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠰᠦᠪᠡᠨ 37% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ | | | | | | ᠬᠤᠩ ᠴᠢ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠯᠢᠦ ᠢᠦᠢ ᠪᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠤᠨᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠬᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ | ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠭᠰᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠢᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠥᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠮ ᠢ | ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠠ᠃ | ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ | ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠴᠡ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠥᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ | ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠥᠭᠴᠤ ᠥᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠦᠬᠡ ᠥᠪᠡᠰᠦᠪᠡᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠶᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠡᠨᠧᠷᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ | ᠮᠠᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠯᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠨᠵᠧᠨᠧᠷᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠯᠠᠪᠳᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ 1.5 ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠰᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡ | ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ︽ᠪᠥᠬᠦ ᠴᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ︾ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠵᠢ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠥᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠳᠡᠯ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠭᠡᠷᠦᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠮ ᠪᠦᠷᠬᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠥᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠣᠯᠠᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | | | | | ᠰᠣᠷᠪᠤᠯᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠄ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠩᠭᠠ᠂ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠴᠢ᠂ ᠢᠥᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠧ ᠮᠧᠩ᠂ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠦᠤ | |